On the Characterization and Selection of Diverse Conformational Ensembles
نویسندگان
چکیده
To address challenging flexible docking problems, a number of docking algorithms pre-generate large collections of candidate conformers. To remove the redundancy from such ensembles, a central problem in this context is to report a selection of conformers maximizing some geometric diversity criterion. We make three contributions to this problem. First, we resort to geometric optimization so as to report selections maximizing the molecular volume or molecular surface area (MSA) of the selection. Greedy strategies are developed, together with approximation bounds. Second, to assess the efficacy of our algorithms, we investigate two conformer ensembles corresponding to a flexible loop of four protein complexes. By focusing on the MSA of the selection, we show that our strategy matches the MSA of standard selection methods, but resorting to a number of conformers between one and two orders of magnitude smaller. This observation is qualitatively explained using the Betti numbers of the union of balls of the selection. Finally, we replace the conformer selection problem in the context of multiple-copy flexible docking. On the afore-mentioned systems, we show that using the loops selected by our strategy can improve the result of the docking process. Key-words: Flexibility, conformer selection, flexible docking, geometric optimization, Van der Waals models. ∗ INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, Algorithms-Biology-Structure, France and Université de Bourgogne IMB, France; [email protected] † IIT Bombay, India; [email protected] ‡ Biotechnologie-Biocatalyse-Biorégulation, Université de Nantes CNRS, France; [email protected] § Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France; [email protected] ¶ INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, Algorithms-Biology-Structure, France; [email protected] in ria -0 02 52 04 6, v er si on 3 6 Ap r 2 00 9 Sur la caractérisation et la sélection d’ensembles variables de conformères Résumé : Pour traiter les problèmes liés aux méthodes d’amarrage de protéines avec parties flexibles, nombre d’algorithmes utilisent un ensemble de grande taille de conformations pré-calculées. Afin de réduire la redondance au sein d’un tel ensemble, une question centrale est la suivante : Sélectionner un sous-ensemble (de petite taille) de conformations qui maximisent un critère géométrique de diversité. Dans cette optique, nous présentons trois contributions. Premièrement, nous posons le problème précédent comme un problème d’optimisation géométrique, de façon à sélectionner des conformations qui maximisent le volume moléculaire ou l’aire de la surface moléculaire de la sélection. Des stratégies gloutonnes sont développées pour résoudre ces problèmes, et les bornes d’approximation afférentes sont prouvées. Deuxièmement, pour montrer l’efficacité de nos algorithmes, nous effectuons des tests sur quatre complexes protéiques présentant une boucle flexible, deux ensembles de conformations étant générés pour chaque boucle. Pour le critère basé sur l’aire de la surface moléculaire, nous montrons que nos sélections présentent des aires semblables à celles de sélections réalisées par des méthodes standards, mais en utilisant un nombre de conformations entre un et deux ordres de grandeur plus faible. Cette observation est qualitativement expliquée en faisant appel aux nombres de Betti de l’union des boules de la sélection. Enfin, pour le problème de l’amarrage de protéines avec parties flexibles, nous montrons sur les mêmes modèles que notre méthode permet d’améliorer les résultats d’une telle procédure. Mots-clés : Flexibilité, selection de conformères, docking flexible, optimisation géométrique, modèles de Van der Waals. in ria -0 02 52 04 6, v er si on 3 6 Ap r 2 00 9 Diversity of Conformational Ensembles 3
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